Air-assault planning considerations - UNITAF Force Manual (FM)

FM/G209 - Air-assault planning considerations

Guide

FM/BG-1000 - Landing zone (LZ) selection

Guide

LZ choice is shaped by METT-TC and OCOKA, but most importantly by terrain, approach masking, cover, and threat proximity. Rugged or forested terrain allows for closer LZs with more concealment, while flat terrain often demands longer foot inserts. LZs should avoid direct enemy observation and fire, especially from anti-air threats such as MANPADS. Alternate LZs must be planned at least 500m from primary zones for fall back options.

Guide

FM/BG-1001 - Coordinated assault planning

Guide

Key coordination elements include assigning squads to specific helos, establishing flight order, route planning, LZ order of entry, and post-landing actions. Route planning should use masked terrain or low altitudes to reduce exposure

Guide

FM/BG-1002 - Landing methods: simultaneous, staggered, and waves

Guide

Simultaneous landings overwhelm defenders with mass insertion but require wide LZs.
Staggered landings let squads secure the LZ progressively and suit tighter terrain.
Waves split forces across multiple lifts and demand tight route discipline to avoid predictability and ambush.

Guide

FM/BG-1003 - Ground action upon landing

Guide

Immediate security is vital after touchdown. Squads must clear the LZ and establish perimeter coverage. Fireteams should be briefed on their sectors and act rapidly to secure the zone for follow-on forces.